New Genetic Cause of a Fatal Immune Disorder
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is an inherited, fatal, immune disorder characterized by uncontrolled activation of lymphocytes and macrophages. Scientists have now determined that two distinct mutations in the gene that generates syntaxin-binding protein 2 can cause disease in a subset of patients with FHL. [INSERM U768, Paris]

Fruit Fly Model Created to Help Unravel Genetics of Human Diabetes
In research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers describe how they altered genes in fruit flies to model the loss of insulin production, as seen in human Type 1 diabetes. [Researchers at the University of Maryland, College Park]

CURRENT PUBLICATIONS

Adoptive Therapy with Redirected Primary Regulatory T Cells Results in Antigen-Specific Suppression of Arthritis
Scientists tested the ability of antigen-specific Tregs generated by retroviral gene transfer to ameliorate arthritis through linked suppression and therefore without cognate recognition of the disease-initiating antigen. [PNAS]

Wild-Type FOXP3 is Selectively Active in CD4+CD25hi Regulatory T Cells of Healthy Female Carriers of Different FOXP3 Mutations
Data demonstrate that expression of wild-type FOXP3 is indispensable for the presence of a normal nTreg compartment and suggest that FOXP3 is not necessary for effector T-cell differentiation in humans. [Blood]

Lymph Node Stromal Cells Support Dendritic Cell-Induced Gut-Homing of T Cells
Researchers demonstrate that mesenteric lymph node stromal cell-derived retinoic acid can directly induce the expression of gut-homing molecules on proliferating T cells, a process strongly enhanced by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. [J Immunol]

Reduced Diabetes in BTK-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice and Restoration of Diabetes with Provision of an Anti-Insulin IgH Chain Transgene
Type 1 diabetes results from T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells. Although elimination of B lymphocytes has proven successful at preventing disease, modulation of B cell function as a means to prevent type 1 diabetes has not been investigated. [J Immunol]

Regulatory T Cell (Treg) Subsets Return in Patients with Refractory Lupus following Stem Cell Transplantation, and TGF-Beta-Producing CD8+ Treg Cells Are Associated with Immunological Remission of Lupus
In posttransplant patients, both CD4+CD25highFoxP3+ and an unusual CD8+FoxP3+ Treg subset return to levels seen in normal subjects; accompanied by almost complete inhibition of pathogenic T cell response to critical peptide autoepitopes from histones in nucleosomes, the major lupus autoantigen from apoptotic cells. [J Immunol]

Chronic CD70-Driven Costimulation Impairs IgG Responses by Instructing T Cells to Inhibit Germinal Center B Cell Formation through FasL-Fas Interactions
CD70 provides costimulation that enhances effector T cell differentiation upon binding of its receptor, CD27. During chronic immune activation, CD70 is constitutively expressed on activated immune cells, and this induces T cell-driven disruption of neutralizing antibody responses via an unknown mechanism. [J Immunol]

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