Screening Method Able to Identify Newborns with Blood Disorder That Affects Immune System
The testing of DNA from a statewide blood screening program for newborns in Wisconsin was able to identify infants with T cell lymphopenia, a blood disorder that affects the child's immune system, a disease in which early identification is important. [Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee]

Potential Cancer Drug May Offer New Hope for Asthma Patients
Scientists found that the drug, R-Roscovitine, helps to kill certain immune cells which can exacerbate symptoms associated with asthma. [University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh]

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CURRENT PUBLICATIONS

MicroRNA miR-326 Regulates TH-17 Differentiation and is Associated with the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Researchers identify a TH-17 cell-associated microRNA, miR-326, whose expression was highly correlated with disease severity in patients with multiple sclerosis and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.  [Nat Immunol]

T Cell Receptor CDR3 Sequence but Not Recognition Characteristics Distinguish Autoreactive Effector and Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells
Results imply that ontogenically distinct regulatory T cell (Treg) and conventional T cell (Tconv) repertoires with convergent specificities for autoantigen respond during autoimmunity and argue against more than limited plasticity between Treg and Tconv cells during autoimmune inflammation. [Immunity]

An Innate Response to Allogeneic Nonself Mediated by Monocytes
Observations indicate that monocytes mount a response to allogeneic nonself, a function not previously attributed to them, and suggest the existence of mammalian innate allorecognition strategies distinct from detection of missing self-MHC molecules by NK cells. [J Immunol]

A Dual Action of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast IL-15 Expression on the Equilibrium between CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells and CD4+CD25- Responder T Cells
Fibroblast-like cells from the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients exerts a dual action on the equilibrium between regulatory T cell (Treg) and Responder T Cells (Tresp) by potentiating the suppressive effect of Treg while augmenting the proinflammatory action of Tresp; the result is a shift of the Treg/Tresp balance toward a proinflammatory state. [J Immunol]

Depletion of Foxp3+ Cells Leads to Induction of Autoimmunity by Specific Ablation of Regulatory T Cells in Genetically Targeted Mice
Autoimmunity can be reversed by the adoptive transfer of Tregs into depleted murine hosts, and the transfer of Foxp3-deficient bone marrow into T cell-deficient irradiated recipients leads to full-blown disease development. [J Immunol]

Normal Regional Lymph Node Enrichment of Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells with Autoimmune Disease-Suppressive Capacity
Natural CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) effectively prevent autoimmune disease development, but their role in maintaining physiological tolerance against self-antigen of internal organs is not yet defined. In this study, researchers quantified disease-specific Treg as Treg that preferentially suppress one autoimmune disease over another in day 3 thymectomized recipients. [J Immunol]

The Human "Treg MLR": Immune Monitoring for Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cell Generation
In the regulatory T cell (Treg) mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR), the generation of CD4+CD25High Foxp3+ cells is more pronounced in the context of self-recognition (HLA matching, indirect presentation). These cells can be assayed for MLR inhibitory and Treg recruitment functions, so as to immunologically monitor the allospecific regulation after transplantation. [Transplantation]

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